Civil litigation is one of the basic types of litigation, where the court, with the participation of the parties and other litigation participants, conducts activities to adjudicate and resolve civil cases, as well as the totality of litigation relationships arising from such activities. Characteristics: (1) Civil litigation includes both the adjudicative activities conducted by the court according to the law and the litigation activities conducted by the parties and other litigation participants according to the law, during which litigation legal relationships arise between the court and each litigation participant. (2) The court's adjudicative activities play a decisive role in the initiation, development, and conclusion of civil litigation, while the litigation activities of both parties significantly influence the initiation, development, and conclusion of civil litigation. (3) The entire process of civil litigation revolves around the fundamental task of resolving civil disputes, consisting of several stages, each with its central tasks, while each stage is interconnected and proceeds consecutively. Regarding the meaning of civil litigation, foreign litigation theories have different doctrines; countries in the civil law system generally believe that civil litigation is a procedure in which the court protects the judicial rights and interests of the parties based on their requests.

Lawsuits initiated between citizens, between legal persons, between other organizations, and among them due to property relations and personal relations, or in other words, civil litigation refers to the various litigation activities conducted by the people's courts, the parties, and other litigation participants during the process of adjudicating civil cases, as well as the totality of various relationships arising from these activities.

Civil litigation refers to civil lawsuits, which are lawsuits filed by parties in the people's court due to conflicts of civil rights or economic interests. The people's court accepts the case. With the participation of both parties and other litigation participants, the people's court adjudicates and resolves civil cases, economic dispute cases, and special cases prescribed by law to be adjudicated by the people's court, as well as the totality of legal relationships arising from these litigation activities. In simple terms, it means that when your personal and economic legal rights are infringed upon, the parties can achieve the purpose of sanctioning civil illegal acts and protecting their legal rights through civil lawsuits.